Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga; Ivy Mmbone Chebet; Mourice Barasa; David M. Ndetei

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga, Ivy Mmbone Chebet, Mourice Barasa, David M. Ndetei

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 30 July 2016 Accepted: 9 August 2016 Published: 2 September 2016

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Opinions about mental illness have been found to be negative among college students and the general population. Studies have indicated that improving literacy levels would improve opinions and lead to individuals to seek help and family to provide the needed support. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on the opinions about mental illness among public primary teacher trainees in Kenya. Convenience sampling was used to identify four public teacher colleges out of the twenty. Self-administered demographic questionnaire and opinions about mental illness scale were presented to the participants to collect data in four evaluations for the experimental group and three for the control group. The ethical protocol was followed from getting authority to informed consent from the participants. Out of the 2925 questionnaires presented, 2775 were returned fully filled, a return rate of 94.34%. Summative scores improved among the experimental group in the second, and third assessments, but this reduced to almost the original measure in the fourth assessment. This study found that psycho-education of mental illness is effective in improving negative opinions about mental illness among these participants and this study recommended mental health studies is included in the teachers’ curriculum.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
Page(s)	422-429
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mental Illness, Opinions, Psychoeducation, Teachers, Trainees, Effectiveness

References

[1]	Gulliver, A., Griffins, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2010). Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to mental Health Help-Seeking in Young People: A systematic Review. BMC Psychiatry; 10(113): 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-113.
[2]	Makanjuola, J. D. A. and Oyerogba, K. O. (1987), Management of depressive illness in a Nigerian neuro-psychiatric hospital. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76: 486–489. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02908.x.
[3]	Mbwayo, A. W., Ndetei, D. M., Mutiso, V. Khasakhala, L. I. (2013). Traditional healers and provision of mental health services in cosmopolitan informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. African Journal of Psychiatry, 16(2): http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v16i2.17.
[4]	Gureje, O. and Alem, A. (2000). Mental Health Policy Development in Africa. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 78 (4): 475-482.
[5]	Ndetei, D. M., Khasakhala, L. I., Kuria, M. W., Mutiso, V. N., Ongecha-Owuor, F. A., and Kokonya, D. A. (2009). The prevalence of mental disorders in adults in different level general medical facilities in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry; 8: 1-8. Doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-8-1.
[6]	Kiima, D., Jenkins, R. (2010). Mental Health Policy in Kenya – An Integrated approach to scaling equitable care for poor Populations; International Journal of Mental Health Systems; 4 (19): doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-4-19.
[7]	Ndetei, D. M., Ongetcha, F. A., Mutiso, V., Kuria, M., Khasakhala, L. A., & Kokonya, D. A. (2007). The challenges of human resources in mental health in Kenya. African Journal of Psychiatry, 10 (1), 33-36.
[8]	Khasakhala, L. I., Ndetei, D. M., Mathai, M., and Harder, V., (2013). Major depressive disorder in a Kenyan youth sample: relationship with parenting behavior and parental psychiatric disorders. Annals of General Psychiatry: 12 (15): 1-13. DOI: 10.1186/1744-859X-12-15.
[9]	Kitzrow, M. A. (2003). The Mental Health Needs of Today’s College Student’s: Challeges and Recommendations. NASPA Journal; 41 (1): 165-179.
[10]	Benton, S. A., Benton, S. L., Newton, F. B., Benton, K. L., and Robertson, J. M. (2004). Changes in Client Problems: Contributions and Limitations From a 13-Year Study. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35 (3): 317-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.35.3.317.
[11]	Reavley, N. J., Jorm, A. F. (2012). Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders: Changes in Australia over 8 years. Psychiatry Research; 197 (3): 302-306. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.011.
[12]	Muga, F. A., & Jenkins, R. (2008). Public perceptions, explanatory models and service utilisation regarding mental illness and mental health care in Kenya. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(6), 469 - 476. 10.1007/s00127-008-0334-0.
[13]	Jorm, A. F. (2000). Mental Health Literacy: Public Knowledge and beliefs about Mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry; 177: 396-401.
[14]	World Health Organization, (WHO). (2002). Mental Health Global Programme, (mhGAP).
[15]	Nyavanga, E. J. & Barasa, M. (2016). Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences; 5(3): 62-68. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20160503.11.
[16]	Cohen, J. and Struening, E. L. (1962). Opinions about Mental Illness in the personnel of two large mental hospitals. Journal of Abnormal social Psychology; 64: 339-360.
[17]	Cohen, J. and Struening, E. L. (1965). Simple-minded questions and twirling stools. Journal of Consulting Psychology; 29 (3): 278-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0022131
[18]	Sharp, W., Hangrove, D. S., Johnson, L., and Deal, W. P. (2006). Mental Health Education: An Evaluation of a Classroom Based Strategy to Modify Help Seeking for Mental Health Problems. Journal of College Student Development; 47 (4): 419-438. Doi: 10.1353/csd.2006.0051.
[19]	Uta Gühne, Stefan Weinmann, Katrin Arnold, Thomas Becker, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller. (2015). S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies in severe mental illness: evidence and recommendations. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience; 265 (3): 173-188.
[20]	Joanne Reid, Chris Lloyd, & Lyn de Groot. (2005). The psychoeducation needs of parents who have an adult son or daughter with a mental illness, Australian e-Journal for Advancement of Mental Health; 4 (2): 65-77. Doi: 10.5172/jamh.4.2.65.
[21]	Jorm, A. F., Medway, J., Christensen, H., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., & Rodgers, B. (2000). Public beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for depression: effects on actions taken when experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry; 34 (4): 619-626. Doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00761.x
[22]	Tomaras, V. D., Ginieri-Coccossis, M., Vassiliadou, M., Malliori, M., Ferentinos, S., Soldatos, C. R., & Tylee, A. (2011). Education in mental health promotion and its impact on the participants' attitudes and perceived mental health. Annals of general psychiatry, 10 (1), 1. DOI: 10.1186/1744-859X-10-33
[23]	Watson, A. C., Oley, E., Westbrook, A. L., Gardener, A. L., Lamb, T. A., Corrigan, P. W. & Fenton, W. S. (2004). Changing Middle Schoolers' Attitudes About Mental Illness Through Education. Schizophrenia Bulletin; 30 (3): 563-572.
[24]	Corrigan, P. W., Morris, S. B., Michaels, P. J., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services; 63: 963-973. Doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.005292011.
[25]	Griffiths, K. M., Carron-Arthur, B., Parsons, A. & Reid, R. (2012). Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry; 13 (2): 161-175. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20129.
[26]	Papish, A., Kassam, A., Modgill, G., Vaz, G., Zanussi, L., & Patten, S. (2013). Reducing the Stigma of Mental illness in undergraduate medical education: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education: 13: 141. Doi: 101186/1472-6920-13-141.
[27]	Perron, B. E. Grahovac, I. D., Uppal, J. S., Granillo, T. M., Shutter, J., & Porter, C. A. (2011). Supporting Students in Recovery on College Campuses: Opportunities for Student Affairs Professionals. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice: 48 (1): 47-64. DOI: 10.2202/1949-6605.6226.
[28]	Dalky, H. F. (2012). Mental Illness Stigma Reduction Interventions: Review of Intervention Trials. Western Journal of Nursing research: 34 (4): 520-547. doi: 10.1177/0193945911400638.
[29]	Gonzalez, J. M., Tinsley, H. E. A. & Kreuder, K. R. (2002) Effects of psychoeducational interventions on opinions of mental illness, attitudes toward help seeking, and expectations about psychotherapy in college students. Journal of College Student Development 43 (1): 51-63.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga, Ivy Mmbone Chebet, Mourice Barasa, David M. Ndetei. (2016). Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(6), 422-429. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga; Ivy Mmbone Chebet; Mourice Barasa; David M. Ndetei. Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(6), 422-429. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga, Ivy Mmbone Chebet, Mourice Barasa, David M. Ndetei. Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(6):422-429. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11,
  author = {Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga and Ivy Mmbone Chebet and Mourice Barasa and David M. Ndetei},
  title = {Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {422-429},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Opinions about mental illness have been found to be negative among college students and the general population. Studies have indicated that improving literacy levels would improve opinions and lead to individuals to seek help and family to provide the needed support. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on the opinions about mental illness among public primary teacher trainees in Kenya. Convenience sampling was used to identify four public teacher colleges out of the twenty. Self-administered demographic questionnaire and opinions about mental illness scale were presented to the participants to collect data in four evaluations for the experimental group and three for the control group. The ethical protocol was followed from getting authority to informed consent from the participants. Out of the 2925 questionnaires presented, 2775 were returned fully filled, a return rate of 94.34%. Summative scores improved among the experimental group in the second, and third assessments, but this reduced to almost the original measure in the fourth assessment. This study found that psycho-education of mental illness is effective in improving negative opinions about mental illness among these participants and this study recommended mental health studies is included in the teachers’ curriculum.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya
AU  - Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga
AU  - Ivy Mmbone Chebet
AU  - Mourice Barasa
AU  - David M. Ndetei
Y1  - 2016/09/02
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 422
EP  - 429
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
AB  - Opinions about mental illness have been found to be negative among college students and the general population. Studies have indicated that improving literacy levels would improve opinions and lead to individuals to seek help and family to provide the needed support. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on the opinions about mental illness among public primary teacher trainees in Kenya. Convenience sampling was used to identify four public teacher colleges out of the twenty. Self-administered demographic questionnaire and opinions about mental illness scale were presented to the participants to collect data in four evaluations for the experimental group and three for the control group. The ethical protocol was followed from getting authority to informed consent from the participants. Out of the 2925 questionnaires presented, 2775 were returned fully filled, a return rate of 94.34%. Summative scores improved among the experimental group in the second, and third assessments, but this reduced to almost the original measure in the fourth assessment. This study found that psycho-education of mental illness is effective in improving negative opinions about mental illness among these participants and this study recommended mental health studies is included in the teachers’ curriculum.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga

Department of Social and Human, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology, the Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Ivy Mmbone Chebet

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
Mourice Barasa

International Planned Parenthood Federation – Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya
David M. Ndetei

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga, Ivy Mmbone Chebet, Mourice Barasa, David M. Ndetei. (2016). Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(6), 422-429. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga; Ivy Mmbone Chebet; Mourice Barasa; David M. Ndetei. Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(6), 422-429. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga, Ivy Mmbone Chebet, Mourice Barasa, David M. Ndetei. Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(6):422-429. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11,
  author = {Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga and Ivy Mmbone Chebet and Mourice Barasa and David M. Ndetei},
  title = {Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {422-429},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Opinions about mental illness have been found to be negative among college students and the general population. Studies have indicated that improving literacy levels would improve opinions and lead to individuals to seek help and family to provide the needed support. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on the opinions about mental illness among public primary teacher trainees in Kenya. Convenience sampling was used to identify four public teacher colleges out of the twenty. Self-administered demographic questionnaire and opinions about mental illness scale were presented to the participants to collect data in four evaluations for the experimental group and three for the control group. The ethical protocol was followed from getting authority to informed consent from the participants. Out of the 2925 questionnaires presented, 2775 were returned fully filled, a return rate of 94.34%. Summative scores improved among the experimental group in the second, and third assessments, but this reduced to almost the original measure in the fourth assessment. This study found that psycho-education of mental illness is effective in improving negative opinions about mental illness among these participants and this study recommended mental health studies is included in the teachers’ curriculum.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Improving Opinions About Mental Illness Among Primary School Teacher Trainees in Kenya
AU  - Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga
AU  - Ivy Mmbone Chebet
AU  - Mourice Barasa
AU  - David M. Ndetei
Y1  - 2016/09/02
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 422
EP  - 429
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160406.11
AB  - Opinions about mental illness have been found to be negative among college students and the general population. Studies have indicated that improving literacy levels would improve opinions and lead to individuals to seek help and family to provide the needed support. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on the opinions about mental illness among public primary teacher trainees in Kenya. Convenience sampling was used to identify four public teacher colleges out of the twenty. Self-administered demographic questionnaire and opinions about mental illness scale were presented to the participants to collect data in four evaluations for the experimental group and three for the control group. The ethical protocol was followed from getting authority to informed consent from the participants. Out of the 2925 questionnaires presented, 2775 were returned fully filled, a return rate of 94.34%. Summative scores improved among the experimental group in the second, and third assessments, but this reduced to almost the original measure in the fourth assessment. This study found that psycho-education of mental illness is effective in improving negative opinions about mental illness among these participants and this study recommended mental health studies is included in the teachers’ curriculum.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download