The synthesized carbon-supported Pd-Fe alloy electrocatalysts were characterized for the purpose of the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The synthesized catalysts were characterized in terms of structural morphology and catalytic activity by XRD and electrochemical measurements. Surface cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the formation of the Pd–Fe alloy. The catalysts were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 300 ◦C to 700 ◦C for different aging times, in order to improve activity and stability. The average particle size of 10.16 nm, and the highest ORR catalytic activity were obtained at the optimal heat-treatment temperature 300 ◦C for 3h.
Published in | American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 4) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11 |
Page(s) | 71-77 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Alloys, Chemical Synthesis, Powder Diffraction, Aging
[1] | N. d. L. Heras, E. P. L. Roberts, R. Langton and D. R. Hodgson, "A review of metal separator plate materials suitable for automotive PEM fuel cells", Energy Environ. Sci., Issue, 2, pp. 206-214, 2009 |
[2] | D.-S. Kim, E. F. Abo Zeid, and Y.-T. Kim, "Additive treatment effect of TiO2 as supports for Pt-based electrocatalysts on oxygen reduction reaction activity", Electrochim. Acta, vol. 55, pp. 3628-3633, 2010 |
[3] | S. Meenakshi, P. Sridhar and S. Pitchumani, "Carbon supported Pt–Sn/SnO2 anode catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells", RSC Adv., vol. 4, pp. 44386-44393, 2014 |
[4] | C. Xu, Y. Liu, Q. Hao and H. Duan, "Nanoporous PdNi alloys as highly active and methanol-tolerant electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction", J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 1, pp. 13542-13548, 2013 |
[5] | T. Huang, J. Liu, R. Li, W. Cai and A. Yu," A novel route for preparation of PtRuMe (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) and their catalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation", Electrochem. Commun., vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 643-646, 2009 |
[6] | H. A. Gasteiger, S. S.Kocha, B. Sompalli, and F. T. Wagner, "Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs", Appl. Catal., B, vol. 56, Issues 1-2, pp. 9-35, 2005 |
[7] | W. Wang, R. Wang, S. Ji, H. Feng, H. Wang and Z. Lei, "Pt overgrowth on carbon supported PdFe seeds in the preparation of core–shell electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction", J. Power Sources, vol. 195, Issue 11, pp. 3498-3503, 2010 |
[8] | V. R. Stamenkovic, B. S. Mun, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, P. N. Ross, and N. M. Markovic, "Effect of Surface Composition on Electronic Structure, Stability, and Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt-Transition Metal Alloys: Pt-Skin versus Pt-Skeleton Surfaces", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 128, Issue 28, pp. 8813-8819, 2006 |
[9] | O. Savadogo, K. Lee, K. Oishi, S. Mitsushimas, N. Kamiya and K. Ota, "New palladium alloys catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in an acid medium", Electrochem. Commun., vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 105-109, 2004 |
[10] | J. L. Fernandez, V. Raghuveer, A. Manthiram and A. J. Bard, "Pd−Ti and Pd−Co−Au Electrocatalysts as a Replacement for Platinum for Oxygen Reduction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells" J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 127, Issue 38, pp. 13100-13101, 2005 |
[11] | V. Raghuveer, A. Manthiram and A. J. Bard," Pd−Co−Mo Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells", J. Phys. Chem. B., vol. 109, Issue 48, pp. 22909-22912, 2005. |
[12] | V. Raghuveer, P. J. Ferreira, A. Manthiram, "Comparison of Pd–Co–Au electrocatalysts prepared by conventional borohydride and microemulsion methods for oxygen reduction in fuel cells", Electrochem. Commun., vol. 8, Issue 5, pp. 807-814, 2006 |
[13] | M. Shao, K. Sasaki and R. Adzic, "Pd−Fe Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 128, Issue 11, pp. 3526-3527, 2006 |
[14] | M. Shao, P. Liu, J. Zhang and R. Adzic,"Origin of Enhanced Activity in Palladium Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction", J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 111, Issue 24, pp. 6772-6775, 2007 |
[15] | H. Wang, R. Wang, H. Li, Q. Wang, J. Kang and Z. Le, "Facile synthesis of carbon-supported pseudo-coreshell PdCu/Pt nanoparticles for direct methanol fuel cells" , Int. J. H. Ener., vol. 36, Issue 1, pp. 839–848, 2011 |
[16] | L. Xiong and A. Manthiram, Influence of atomic ordering on the electrocatalytic activity of Pt–Co alloys in alkaline electrolyte and proton exchange membrane fuel cells", J. Mater. Chem., vol. 14, pp. 1454-1460, 2004 |
[17] | H. Wang, S. Ji, W. Wang, V. Linkov, S. Pasupathi, and R. Wang, "Pt decorated PdFe/C: Extremely High Electrocatalytic Activity for Methanol Oxidation", Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 3390-3398, 2012 |
[18] | H. Liu and A. Manthiram, “Controlled synthesis and characterization of carbon-supported Pd4Co nanoalloy electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells", Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 124-132, 2009 |
[19] | B. Hammer and J. K. Norskov, " Theoretical Surface Science and Catalysis—Calculations and Concepts", Adv. Catal., vol. 45, pp.71-129, 2000 |
[20] | J. R. Kitchin, J. K. Norskov, M. A. Barteau and J. G. Chen," Modification of the surface electronic and chemical properties of Pt (111) by subsurface 3d transition metals", J. Chem. Phys. vol. 120, pp. 10240-10246, 2004 |
[21] | V. Stamenkovic, B. S. Mun, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, P. N. Ross, N. M. Markovic, J. Rossmeisl, J. Greeley and J. K. Norskov," Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning the surface electronic structure" , Angewandte Chemie., vol. 118, Issue 18, pp. 2963-2967, 2006 |
[22] | K. Shimizu, I. F. Cheng and C. M. Wai, " Aqueous treatment of single-walled carbon nanotubes for preparation of Pt–Fe core–shell alloy using galvanic exchange reaction: Selective catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction over methanol oxidation", Chem. Commun., vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 691-694, 2009 |
[23] | G. Bozzolo, R. D. Noebe, J. Khalil and J. Morse, "Atomistic Analysis of Surface Segregation in Ni-Pd Alloys", A. Surf. Sci., vol. 219, pp. 149-157, 2003 |
[24] | D.-S. Kim, T.-J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, E. F. Abo Zeid and Y.-T. Kim,"Fine Structure Effect of PdCo electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity: Based on X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies with Synchrotron Beam", J. Electrochemi. Sci. Techn., vol. 1, pp. 31-38, 2010 |
[25] | J. L. Zhang, M. B. Vukmirovic, Y. Xu, M. Mavrikakis and R. R. Adzic, " Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts", Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., vol. 44, pp. 2132-2135, 2005 |
[26] | E. F. Abo Zeid and Y.-T. kim, " kinetics and mechanism of morphology and oxygen reduction reaction at PdCo electrocatalysts synthesized on XC72", Int. J. Nanotech. Appl., (IJNA), vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 31-38, 2013 |
[27] | J-Y. Lee, D-H. Kwak, Y-W. Lee, S. Lee and K-W. Park," Synthesis of cubic PtPd alloy nanoparticles as anode electrocatalysts for methanol and formic acid oxidation reactions", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 17, pp. 8642-8648, 2015 |
[28] | K. Lee, O. Savadogo, A. Ishihara, S. Mitsushima, N. Kamiya and K. Ota, "Methanol-Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts Based on Pd - 3d Transition Metal Alloys for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell", J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 153, pp. A20-A24, 2006 |
[29] | D. Wang, S. Lu, P. J. Kulesza, C. M. Li, R. D. Marco and S. P. Jiang, " enhanced oxygen reduction at Pd catalytic nanoparticles dispersed onto heteropolytungstate-assembled pol (diallyldimethylammonium)–functionalized carbon nanotubes", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 13, pp. 4400–4410, 2011 |
[30] | E. F. Abo Zeid, D.-S. Kim, H. S. Lee and Y.-T. Kim,"Temperature dependence of morphology and oxygen reduction reaction activity for carbon-supported Pd–Co electrocatalysts", J. Appl. Electrochemi., vol. 40, pp. 1917-1923, 2010 |
[31] | N. Tian, Z. Zhou, S. Sun, Y. Ding and Z. Wang,"Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity", Science, vol. 316, pp. 732-735, 2007 and V. R. Stamenkovic, B. Fowler, B. S. Mun, G. Wang, P. N. Ross, C. A. Lucas and N. M. Markovic, " Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity on Pt3Ni(111) via Increased Surface Site Availability", Science, vol. 315, pp. 493-497, 2007 |
[32] | L. Zhang, K. lee and J. Zhang, "The effect of heat treatment on nanoparticle size and ORR activity for carbon-supported Pd-Co alloy electrocatalysts", Electrochim. Acta, vol. 52, Issue 9, pp. 3088-3094, 2007 |
[33] | C. Zhang , W. Sandorf , and Z. Peng,"Octahedral Pt2CuNi Uniform Alloy Nanoparticle Catalyst with High Activity and Promising Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction", ACS Catal., vol. 5, Issue 4, pp 2296–2300, 2015 |
[34] | M. Neergat, G. Varadarajan and R. Ramesh,“Carbon-supported Pd–Fe electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and their methanol tolerance” J electrochem., Vol. 658, pp. 25-32, 2011. |
[35] | Y. Pan, F. Zhang, K. Wu, Z. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Zhou, Y. Tang and T. Lu “Carbon supported Palladium–Iron nanoparticles with uniform alloy structure as methanol-tolerant electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction”. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, pp. 2993-3000, 2012. |
[36] | V. Chellasamy and R. Manoharan, "The role of Nanostructured Active support Materials in Electrocatalysis of Direct Fuel cell Reactions", Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol. 710, pp. 709-714, 2011. |
APA Style
Essam Fadl Abo Zeid, Yong Tae Kim. (2015). Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 3(4), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
ACS Style
Essam Fadl Abo Zeid; Yong Tae Kim. Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2015, 3(4), 71-77. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
@article{10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11, author = {Essam Fadl Abo Zeid and Yong Tae Kim}, title = {Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts}, journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {71-77}, doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20150304.11}, abstract = {The synthesized carbon-supported Pd-Fe alloy electrocatalysts were characterized for the purpose of the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The synthesized catalysts were characterized in terms of structural morphology and catalytic activity by XRD and electrochemical measurements. Surface cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the formation of the Pd–Fe alloy. The catalysts were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 300 ◦C to 700 ◦C for different aging times, in order to improve activity and stability. The average particle size of 10.16 nm, and the highest ORR catalytic activity were obtained at the optimal heat-treatment temperature 300 ◦C for 3h.}, year = {2015} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts AU - Essam Fadl Abo Zeid AU - Yong Tae Kim Y1 - 2015/06/12 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11 DO - 10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11 T2 - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JF - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JO - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications SP - 71 EP - 77 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3738 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11 AB - The synthesized carbon-supported Pd-Fe alloy electrocatalysts were characterized for the purpose of the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The synthesized catalysts were characterized in terms of structural morphology and catalytic activity by XRD and electrochemical measurements. Surface cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the formation of the Pd–Fe alloy. The catalysts were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 300 ◦C to 700 ◦C for different aging times, in order to improve activity and stability. The average particle size of 10.16 nm, and the highest ORR catalytic activity were obtained at the optimal heat-treatment temperature 300 ◦C for 3h. VL - 3 IS - 4 ER -