Socio-economic activities have led to the dispersion of polluting agents in all compartments of the environment. The latter largely reach the sea by air, water or land. Thus they can alter the balance of its ecosystems due to their harmful properties. In return, these physical, chic or biological entities can reach humans through the food chain. Hence knowledge of these contaminants is necessary. Indeed, in Senegal, there is little data relating to fishery products, particularly seafood. Hence such work could contribute to good food security but also would allow us to become better aware of the consequences of the destruction of our environment. In this work the profile of the contamination of Soumbedioune beach by OCPs was studied using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The average values of 30,470; 149,983 µg/Kg respectively for heptachlor and aldrin are well above the reference 0.1 µg/Kg. And the values 4,255; 149,98 µg/Kg respectively for DDE and DD. This is greater than 50 µg/Kg for the last. This shows that there is a real environmental and health problem that exists on this Dakar coast. Faced with such a situation, it is appropriate to set up wastewater treatment plants and ensure compliance with the ban on these products dangerous to health. Consequently, awareness on the part of decision-makers, populations and industrialists could probably lead to solutions.
Published in | International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 12, Issue 2) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12 |
Page(s) | 29-35 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Oysters, Organochlorine Pesticides, Contamination, Soumbedioune Beach
2.2. Sample Collection and Preparation
Campaigns | Specimens (oyster) | Length | Width | Bulge | Total weight (g) | Weight Flesh + organ | Dry weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July | H1 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 3.2 | 67.27 | 25.9 | 5.03 |
H2 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 71.86 | 30.42 | 7.78 | |
H3 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 94.87 | 33.72 | 6.38 | |
H4 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 88.01 | 33.31 | 7.13 | |
H5 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 93.88 | 34.78 | 7.23 | |
August | H1 | 8.3 | 6 | 3.3 | 79 | 16.88 | 2.01 |
H2 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 3 | 62.63 | 16.9 | 2.55 | |
H3 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 66.68 | 17.27 | 3.65 | |
H4 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 81.87 | 20.77 | 3.53 | |
H5 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 138.57 | 27.29 | 3.26 | |
September | H1 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 124.03 | 21.06 | 3.31 |
H2 | 6.9 | 7 | 2.7 | 57.84 | 16.13 | 2.52 | |
H3 | 8 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 74.33 | 17.32 | 1.72 | |
H4 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 3.8 | 101.58 | 23.6 | 2.96 | |
H5 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 118.52 | 28.01 | 4.36 |
2.3. Chemical Analysis
3.1. Analysis of Oysters Sample
Campaigns | Settings Samples | Heptachlor (µg/Kg) | Aldrin (µg/Kg) | DDE (µg/Kg) | DDT (µg/Kg) | ∑ pesticides |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July | H1 | 7.09 | 9.78 | 1.46 | 16.1 | 34.43 |
H2 | 22.56 | 27.19 | 2.38 | 142.22 | 194.35 | |
H3 | 20.02 | 16.65 | 1.95 | 47.63 | 86.25 | |
H4 | 16.09 | 24.82 | 1.75 | 150.43 | 193.09 | |
H5 | 3.39 | 15.68 | 1.2 | 48.98 | 69.25 | |
Mean (µg/Kg) ± σ | 13.83 ±8.27 | 18.824 ±7.112 | 1.748 ±0.45 3 | 81.072 ±61.072 | 115.474 ±73.831 | |
August | H1 | 104.43 | 131.79 | 20.86 | 865.4 | 1122.48 |
H2 | 5.41 | 35.95 | 2.93 | 117.17 | 161.46 | |
H3 | 63.45 | 118.67 | 8.73 | 340.83 | 531.68 | |
H4 | 15.82 | 9.93 | 2.25 | 63.05 | 91.05 | |
H5 | 32.16 | 17.17 | 3.04 | 57.61 | 109.98 | |
Mean (µg/Kg) ± σ | 44.254 ±40,166 | 62.702 ±58,050 | 7.562 ±7,879 | 288.812 ±342,433 | 403.33 ±440.37 | |
September | H1 | 77.24 | 31.42 | 5.06 | 99.7 | 213.42 |
H2 | 22.86 | 7.84 | 3.13 | 64.04 | 97.87 | |
H3 | 17.58 | 11.52 | 3.19 | 112.68 | 144.97 | |
H4 | 15.63 | 75.73 | 2.45 | 43.85 | 137.66 | |
H5 | NF | NF | NF | NF | --- | |
Mean (µg/Kg) ± σ | 33.3275 ±29.4338 | 31.6275 ±31.1727 | 3.4575 ±1.1198 | 80.0675 ±31.7153 | 148.48 ±47.98 |
3.2. Variation in OCPs Content in the Different Oysters Samples
3.3. Variation in OCPs Content in Oysters Sample According to the Campaigns
3.4. Distribution of OCPs Content in Oysters According to the Different Campaigns
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APA Style
Diouf, S., Dione, M. M., Dione, C. T., Ndiaye, B., Diagne, I., et al. (2024). Bioaccumulation of Organochlorine Pesticides (DDT, DDE, Heptachlor, and Aldrin) in Oysters (Pinctada nested radiata) from Soumbedioune Beach (Dakar/Senegal) by GC-MS/MS. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 12(2), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12
ACS Style
Diouf, S.; Dione, M. M.; Dione, C. T.; Ndiaye, B.; Diagne, I., et al. Bioaccumulation of Organochlorine Pesticides (DDT, DDE, Heptachlor, and Aldrin) in Oysters (Pinctada nested radiata) from Soumbedioune Beach (Dakar/Senegal) by GC-MS/MS. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2024, 12(2), 29-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12
AMA Style
Diouf S, Dione MM, Dione CT, Ndiaye B, Diagne I, et al. Bioaccumulation of Organochlorine Pesticides (DDT, DDE, Heptachlor, and Aldrin) in Oysters (Pinctada nested radiata) from Soumbedioune Beach (Dakar/Senegal) by GC-MS/MS. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2024;12(2):29-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12, author = {Sitor Diouf and Mame Mor Dione and Cheikh Tidiane Dione and Birame Ndiaye and Ibrahima Diagne and Dame Cisse and Maoudo Hane and Momar Ndiaye and Cheikhna Diebakate and Seydou Ba and Abdoulaye Diop}, title = {Bioaccumulation of Organochlorine Pesticides (DDT, DDE, Heptachlor, and Aldrin) in Oysters (Pinctada nested radiata) from Soumbedioune Beach (Dakar/Senegal) by GC-MS/MS }, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {29-35}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20241202.12}, abstract = {Socio-economic activities have led to the dispersion of polluting agents in all compartments of the environment. The latter largely reach the sea by air, water or land. Thus they can alter the balance of its ecosystems due to their harmful properties. In return, these physical, chic or biological entities can reach humans through the food chain. Hence knowledge of these contaminants is necessary. Indeed, in Senegal, there is little data relating to fishery products, particularly seafood. Hence such work could contribute to good food security but also would allow us to become better aware of the consequences of the destruction of our environment. In this work the profile of the contamination of Soumbedioune beach by OCPs was studied using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The average values of 30,470; 149,983 µg/Kg respectively for heptachlor and aldrin are well above the reference 0.1 µg/Kg. And the values 4,255; 149,98 µg/Kg respectively for DDE and DD. This is greater than 50 µg/Kg for the last. This shows that there is a real environmental and health problem that exists on this Dakar coast. Faced with such a situation, it is appropriate to set up wastewater treatment plants and ensure compliance with the ban on these products dangerous to health. Consequently, awareness on the part of decision-makers, populations and industrialists could probably lead to solutions. }, year = {2024} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Bioaccumulation of Organochlorine Pesticides (DDT, DDE, Heptachlor, and Aldrin) in Oysters (Pinctada nested radiata) from Soumbedioune Beach (Dakar/Senegal) by GC-MS/MS AU - Sitor Diouf AU - Mame Mor Dione AU - Cheikh Tidiane Dione AU - Birame Ndiaye AU - Ibrahima Diagne AU - Dame Cisse AU - Maoudo Hane AU - Momar Ndiaye AU - Cheikhna Diebakate AU - Seydou Ba AU - Abdoulaye Diop Y1 - 2024/05/17 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis SP - 29 EP - 35 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7667 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241202.12 AB - Socio-economic activities have led to the dispersion of polluting agents in all compartments of the environment. The latter largely reach the sea by air, water or land. Thus they can alter the balance of its ecosystems due to their harmful properties. In return, these physical, chic or biological entities can reach humans through the food chain. Hence knowledge of these contaminants is necessary. Indeed, in Senegal, there is little data relating to fishery products, particularly seafood. Hence such work could contribute to good food security but also would allow us to become better aware of the consequences of the destruction of our environment. In this work the profile of the contamination of Soumbedioune beach by OCPs was studied using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The average values of 30,470; 149,983 µg/Kg respectively for heptachlor and aldrin are well above the reference 0.1 µg/Kg. And the values 4,255; 149,98 µg/Kg respectively for DDE and DD. This is greater than 50 µg/Kg for the last. This shows that there is a real environmental and health problem that exists on this Dakar coast. Faced with such a situation, it is appropriate to set up wastewater treatment plants and ensure compliance with the ban on these products dangerous to health. Consequently, awareness on the part of decision-makers, populations and industrialists could probably lead to solutions. VL - 12 IS - 2 ER -