Space Majors: Towards New Deals

Bertrand de Montluc

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

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Space Majors: Towards New Deals

Bertrand de Montluc

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 4 November 2014 Accepted: 16 December 2014 Published: 22 December 2014

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Abstract

Space is nowadays conceived not only as important for scientific, cultural or security motivations but as a symbol of modernity, of political identity and as a strategic instrument on the international scene. That represents a new challenge for Europe puzzled by the weakening American leadership, the uncertainties of the Russian complex and the rise of the Asiatic nations. In such a context, while too many space policy experts see the space policies of the major space powers as rather conservative and “as usual”, the author cross examines in five points the main policy lines of the space strategies of the US, Russia, China and Europe. Many things have changed in the last ten years and there are today new dynamics at work. Considering these evolutions, it is suggested to start thinking to the future policy lines of the major space powers: towards a broader competition, or the beginning of a new rationale for international co-operation?

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
Page(s)	81-87
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Space Exploration Long Term Strategies, Space Competition Rationale and Trends, International Space Policies, Space Powers

References

[1]	Joan Johnson-Freese, The Chinese Space Program: A Mystery within a Maze, New York, Krieger Publishing, 1998
[2]	A.Tellis, “China’s Military Strategy”, Survival, Vol.49, N°3, Autumn 2007
[3]	David A. Mindell, Scott A. Uebelhart, Asif A. Siddiqi, Slava Gerovitch, The Future of Human Space flight: Objectives and Policy Implications in a Global Context. American Academy of Arts and Science, 2009
[4]	Evan S. Meideros, Roger Cliff, Keith Crane, James C. Mulvenon, A New Direction for China’s Defense Industry, RAND, 2005
[5]	Benjamin S. Lambeth, Mastering the Ultimate High Ground, RAND, 2003
[6]	Yearbook on Space Policy, ESPI, Springer, 2010
[7]	P. Ehrenfreund, N. Peter, K.U. Schrogl, J.M. Logsdon, “Cross-Cultural management supporting global space exploration”, Elsevier, Acta Astronautica 66 (2010) 245-256
[8]	CDI,The Bush National Space Policy: Contrasts and Contradictions, October 13, 2006
[9]	UNIDIR, Space Security 2010: From Foundations to Negotiations, U.N. July 2010
[10]	Space Security Index 2012, Project Ploughshares (http://www.space security.org/publications.htm)
[11]	U.S. National Research Council, New Strategic Direction for NASA, National Academies Press (www.nap.edu)
[12]	B. de Montluc, Asia and Europe Facing the Technological Revolution, Novinka, New York, Nova Science Publishing, 2013
[13]	B. de Montluc, A New International Strategic Context for Space policies, Novinka, New York, Nova Science Publishing, 2011
[14]	S. Kondapalli, China’s Military and India, New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2012

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APA Style

Bertrand de Montluc. (2014). Space Majors: Towards New Deals. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 2(6), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

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ACS Style

Bertrand de Montluc. Space Majors: Towards New Deals. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2014, 2(6), 81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

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AMA Style

Bertrand de Montluc. Space Majors: Towards New Deals. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2014;2(6):81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11,
  author = {Bertrand de Montluc},
  title = {Space Majors: Towards New Deals},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {81-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20140206.11},
  abstract = {Space is nowadays conceived not only as important for scientific, cultural or security motivations but as a symbol of modernity, of political identity and as a strategic instrument on the international scene. That represents a new challenge for Europe puzzled by the weakening American leadership, the uncertainties of the Russian complex and the rise of the Asiatic nations. In such a context, while too many space policy experts see the space policies of the major space powers as rather conservative and “as usual”, the author cross examines in five points the main policy lines of the space strategies of the US, Russia, China and Europe. Many things have changed in the last ten years and there are today new dynamics at work. Considering these evolutions, it is suggested to start thinking to the future policy lines of the major space powers: towards a broader competition, or the beginning of a new rationale for international co-operation?},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Space Majors: Towards New Deals
AU  - Bertrand de Montluc
Y1  - 2014/12/22
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Space is nowadays conceived not only as important for scientific, cultural or security motivations but as a symbol of modernity, of political identity and as a strategic instrument on the international scene. That represents a new challenge for Europe puzzled by the weakening American leadership, the uncertainties of the Russian complex and the rise of the Asiatic nations. In such a context, while too many space policy experts see the space policies of the major space powers as rather conservative and “as usual”, the author cross examines in five points the main policy lines of the space strategies of the US, Russia, China and Europe. Many things have changed in the last ten years and there are today new dynamics at work. Considering these evolutions, it is suggested to start thinking to the future policy lines of the major space powers: towards a broader competition, or the beginning of a new rationale for international co-operation?
VL  - 2
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Author Information

Bertrand de Montluc

Senior Member of Association for Aeronautics and Astronautics (France), Member of the European Academy of Air & Space, Former Director at the French Space Agency CNES, Lecturer at Paris University Sciences Po, international college (Scientific Humanities), Le Havre, France

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APA Style

Bertrand de Montluc. (2014). Space Majors: Towards New Deals. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 2(6), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Bertrand de Montluc. Space Majors: Towards New Deals. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2014, 2(6), 81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Bertrand de Montluc. Space Majors: Towards New Deals. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2014;2(6):81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11,
  author = {Bertrand de Montluc},
  title = {Space Majors: Towards New Deals},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {81-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20140206.11},
  abstract = {Space is nowadays conceived not only as important for scientific, cultural or security motivations but as a symbol of modernity, of political identity and as a strategic instrument on the international scene. That represents a new challenge for Europe puzzled by the weakening American leadership, the uncertainties of the Russian complex and the rise of the Asiatic nations. In such a context, while too many space policy experts see the space policies of the major space powers as rather conservative and “as usual”, the author cross examines in five points the main policy lines of the space strategies of the US, Russia, China and Europe. Many things have changed in the last ten years and there are today new dynamics at work. Considering these evolutions, it is suggested to start thinking to the future policy lines of the major space powers: towards a broader competition, or the beginning of a new rationale for international co-operation?},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Space Majors: Towards New Deals
AU  - Bertrand de Montluc
Y1  - 2014/12/22
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 81
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20140206.11
AB  - Space is nowadays conceived not only as important for scientific, cultural or security motivations but as a symbol of modernity, of political identity and as a strategic instrument on the international scene. That represents a new challenge for Europe puzzled by the weakening American leadership, the uncertainties of the Russian complex and the rise of the Asiatic nations. In such a context, while too many space policy experts see the space policies of the major space powers as rather conservative and “as usual”, the author cross examines in five points the main policy lines of the space strategies of the US, Russia, China and Europe. Many things have changed in the last ten years and there are today new dynamics at work. Considering these evolutions, it is suggested to start thinking to the future policy lines of the major space powers: towards a broader competition, or the beginning of a new rationale for international co-operation?
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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