Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs

Isabona Joseph; Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs

Isabona Joseph, Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 25 March 2015 Accepted: 31 March 2015 Published: 9 April 2015

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Abstract

There has been growing concern in Nigeria and even the world at large that exposure to radiation from base stations and mobile handsets could lead to increased risk of illnesses such as cancer and may adversely affect cognitive functions like concentration and may cause memory loss, headaches, dizziness and epilepsy among others. In the present paper, the Assessment of RF radiation in the far-field from selected mobile base station sites in BIU and environs, Benin City, Nigeria has been carried out using a handheld three-axis radio frequency meter (EMF meter) for measurement of Electric field. The meter is a broad band device for monitoring high frequency radiation in range of 50 MHz to 3.6GHz. It is used in three-axis (isotropic) measurement mode. The electric field strength of RF radiation within a radial distance of the range 0- 100m was measured with the RF meter. The average values of the Specific absorption rate (SAR) for the general public was estimated from the measured electric field strength and the values gotten were compared with International commission on Non-ionizing radiation. Results shows that the values of the SAR for the eighth base stations selected for the study are within the range of 0.00010W/Kg- 0.0012W/Kg. These values are quite lower than the limit by International Commission on Non –ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) which is 0.08W/Kg for the whole body average SAR. This may indicate that there is no significant health risk for the general public that are always the vicinity of the Far field of the selected base stations for the various mobile service provider the area.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
Page(s)	92-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mobile Phone Base Station, International Commission on Non –Ionizing Radiation Protection, Specific Absorption Rate, Exposure Level

References

[1]	Fesenko, E.E., Makar, V.R., Novoselova, E.G., Sadovnikov, V.B. (1999), “Microwaves andcellular immunity: Effect of whole body microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factorproduction in mouse cells”. Bioelectrochemical Bioenerg, 49(1):29-35.
[2]	Krause, C.M., Sillanmaki, L., Koivisto, M., Haggqvist, A., Saarela, C., Revonsuo, A., Laine, M.and Hamalainen H., (2000), "Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on theEEG during a memory task”, Neuroreport, 11(4): 761-764.
[3]	Sabah H.S. (2013). Study of the Cell Towers Radiation Levels in Residential Areas, Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems
[4]	Santini R, Santini P, Danze JM, Le Ruz P, & Seigne M, (2002). Study of the health of peopleliving in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations: Incidence according to distance and sex,Pathology Biology, 50(6), 369-73, 2002 27
[5]	H. Kawai, and K.Ito, “Simple Evaluation method of estimating local average SAR”, IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques, 52, (8), August 2004, pp.2021-2029.
[6]	ICNIRP, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields(up to 300 GHz)”,Health Phys., 74, (4), April 1998, pp.494-522.
[7]	O. P Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, “Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 44,Oct.1996, pp. 1884-1897.
[8]	Y.Okano, K. Ito, I. Ida,and M. Takahashi, “The SAR evaluation method by a combination of thermographic experiments and biological tissue-equivalentphantoms”, IEEE Tran. MTT, 48, (11), Nov. 2000, pp.2094-2103.
[9]	N. Kuster, and Q. Balzano, ”Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the near field ofdipole antenna above 300 MHz”, IEEE. Transaction on Vechicular Technology., 41, (1), Feb.1992, pp.17-23.
[10]	Ghandi., (1990), Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Energy. Prentice Hall , Englewood Cliffs: NJ.
[11]	Guy A.W. and Chow C.K.(1986), Specific Absorption Rates of Energy in ManModels Exposed to Cellular UHF-mobile-antenna Fields,IEEE Trans on Microwave. Theory and Techniques, vol: MTT-34.
[12]	Jagbir K and A.K. Dhami (2012). Orientation studies of a cell-phone mast to assess electromagnetic radiationexposure level, International Journal of Environmental in Sciences, Vol. 2, No 3, pp 2285-2295.

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APA Style

Isabona Joseph, Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. (2015). Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. American Journal of Modern Physics, 4(2), 92-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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ACS Style

Isabona Joseph; Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2015, 4(2), 92-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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AMA Style

Isabona Joseph, Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. Am J Mod Phys. 2015;4(2):92-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16,
  author = {Isabona Joseph and Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine},
  title = {Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {92-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  abstract = {There has been growing concern in Nigeria and even the world at large that exposure to radiation from base stations and mobile handsets could lead to increased risk of illnesses such as cancer and may adversely affect cognitive functions like concentration and may cause memory loss, headaches, dizziness and epilepsy among others. In the present paper, the Assessment of RF radiation in the far-field from selected mobile base station sites in BIU and environs, Benin City, Nigeria has been carried out using a handheld three-axis radio frequency meter (EMF meter) for measurement of Electric field. The meter is a broad band device for monitoring high frequency radiation in range of 50 MHz to 3.6GHz. It is used in three-axis (isotropic) measurement mode. The electric field strength of RF radiation within a radial distance of the range 0- 100m was measured with the RF meter. The average values of the Specific absorption rate (SAR) for the general public was estimated from the measured electric field strength and the values gotten were compared with International commission on Non-ionizing radiation. Results shows that the values of the SAR for the eighth base stations selected for the study are within the range of 0.00010W/Kg- 0.0012W/Kg. These values are quite lower than the limit by International Commission on Non –ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) which is 0.08W/Kg for the whole body average SAR. This may indicate that there is no significant health risk for the general public that are always the vicinity of the Far field of the selected base stations for the various mobile service provider the area.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs
AU  - Isabona Joseph
AU  - Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine
Y1  - 2015/04/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 92
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
AB  - There has been growing concern in Nigeria and even the world at large that exposure to radiation from base stations and mobile handsets could lead to increased risk of illnesses such as cancer and may adversely affect cognitive functions like concentration and may cause memory loss, headaches, dizziness and epilepsy among others. In the present paper, the Assessment of RF radiation in the far-field from selected mobile base station sites in BIU and environs, Benin City, Nigeria has been carried out using a handheld three-axis radio frequency meter (EMF meter) for measurement of Electric field. The meter is a broad band device for monitoring high frequency radiation in range of 50 MHz to 3.6GHz. It is used in three-axis (isotropic) measurement mode. The electric field strength of RF radiation within a radial distance of the range 0- 100m was measured with the RF meter. The average values of the Specific absorption rate (SAR) for the general public was estimated from the measured electric field strength and the values gotten were compared with International commission on Non-ionizing radiation. Results shows that the values of the SAR for the eighth base stations selected for the study are within the range of 0.00010W/Kg- 0.0012W/Kg. These values are quite lower than the limit by International Commission on Non –ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) which is 0.08W/Kg for the whole body average SAR. This may indicate that there is no significant health risk for the general public that are always the vicinity of the Far field of the selected base stations for the various mobile service provider the area.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Isabona Joseph

Department of Physics, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine

Department of Basic Sciences Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria

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APA Style

Isabona Joseph, Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. (2015). Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. American Journal of Modern Physics, 4(2), 92-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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ACS Style

Isabona Joseph; Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2015, 4(2), 92-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

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AMA Style

Isabona Joseph, Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine. Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs. Am J Mod Phys. 2015;4(2):92-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16,
  author = {Isabona Joseph and Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine},
  title = {Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {92-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20150402.16},
  abstract = {There has been growing concern in Nigeria and even the world at large that exposure to radiation from base stations and mobile handsets could lead to increased risk of illnesses such as cancer and may adversely affect cognitive functions like concentration and may cause memory loss, headaches, dizziness and epilepsy among others. In the present paper, the Assessment of RF radiation in the far-field from selected mobile base station sites in BIU and environs, Benin City, Nigeria has been carried out using a handheld three-axis radio frequency meter (EMF meter) for measurement of Electric field. The meter is a broad band device for monitoring high frequency radiation in range of 50 MHz to 3.6GHz. It is used in three-axis (isotropic) measurement mode. The electric field strength of RF radiation within a radial distance of the range 0- 100m was measured with the RF meter. The average values of the Specific absorption rate (SAR) for the general public was estimated from the measured electric field strength and the values gotten were compared with International commission on Non-ionizing radiation. Results shows that the values of the SAR for the eighth base stations selected for the study are within the range of 0.00010W/Kg- 0.0012W/Kg. These values are quite lower than the limit by International Commission on Non –ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) which is 0.08W/Kg for the whole body average SAR. This may indicate that there is no significant health risk for the general public that are always the vicinity of the Far field of the selected base stations for the various mobile service provider the area.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Measured Electric Field Strength in Benson Idahosa University and Environs
AU  - Isabona Joseph
AU  - Ojuh Osamiromwen Divine
Y1  - 2015/04/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 92
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20150402.16
AB  - There has been growing concern in Nigeria and even the world at large that exposure to radiation from base stations and mobile handsets could lead to increased risk of illnesses such as cancer and may adversely affect cognitive functions like concentration and may cause memory loss, headaches, dizziness and epilepsy among others. In the present paper, the Assessment of RF radiation in the far-field from selected mobile base station sites in BIU and environs, Benin City, Nigeria has been carried out using a handheld three-axis radio frequency meter (EMF meter) for measurement of Electric field. The meter is a broad band device for monitoring high frequency radiation in range of 50 MHz to 3.6GHz. It is used in three-axis (isotropic) measurement mode. The electric field strength of RF radiation within a radial distance of the range 0- 100m was measured with the RF meter. The average values of the Specific absorption rate (SAR) for the general public was estimated from the measured electric field strength and the values gotten were compared with International commission on Non-ionizing radiation. Results shows that the values of the SAR for the eighth base stations selected for the study are within the range of 0.00010W/Kg- 0.0012W/Kg. These values are quite lower than the limit by International Commission on Non –ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) which is 0.08W/Kg for the whole body average SAR. This may indicate that there is no significant health risk for the general public that are always the vicinity of the Far field of the selected base stations for the various mobile service provider the area.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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