Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats

Hidenori Nagao; Masanori Suzuki; Hironori Aoki; Kouichi Minato

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats

Hidenori Nagao, Masanori Suzuki, Hironori Aoki, Kouichi Minato

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 7 June 2015 Accepted: 21 June 2015 Published: 8 July 2015

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Abstract

Hypothyroidism decreases energy metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, due to reduced serum levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although many endogenous serum metabolites are influenced by hypothyroidism, serum metabolomic profiling has rarely been applied to the study of hypothyroidism. In the present study, we investigated potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism using serum metabolomics, and then measured serum levels of these endogenous metabolites using an analytical method: ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the metabolic profiles of thyroidectomized (Tx) and normal rats. We found that many bile acid (BA) levels were significantly changed in serum of Tx rats. Simultaneous measurement of 12 different BAs in serum revealed that cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels significantly increased in Tx rats by approximately 25-fold, 11-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared with those of control rats. In Tx rats with active hormone T3 replacement, serum T3 levels were returned to physiological levels. However, these changes in BA levels were maintained at a high level. These results indicate that T3 replacement does not normalize the thyroid hormonal milieu. Thus, increased CA, CDCA, and TCDCA levels in serum after Tx may be a homeostatic response to not only T3 but also pro-thyroid hormone T4 deficiency. This study is the first to report that CA, CDCA, and TCDCA may be potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism and the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
Page(s)	295-305
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Metabolomics, Biomarker, Bile Acid, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy

References

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Hidenori Nagao, Masanori Suzuki, Hironori Aoki, Kouichi Minato. (2015). Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(4), 295-305. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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ACS Style

Hidenori Nagao; Masanori Suzuki; Hironori Aoki; Kouichi Minato. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(4), 295-305. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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AMA Style

Hidenori Nagao, Masanori Suzuki, Hironori Aoki, Kouichi Minato. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(4):295-305. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17,
  author = {Hidenori Nagao and Masanori Suzuki and Hironori Aoki and Kouichi Minato},
  title = {Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {295-305},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150304.17},
  abstract = {Hypothyroidism decreases energy metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, due to reduced serum levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although many endogenous serum metabolites are influenced by hypothyroidism, serum metabolomic profiling has rarely been applied to the study of hypothyroidism. In the present study, we investigated potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism using serum metabolomics, and then measured serum levels of these endogenous metabolites using an analytical method: ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the metabolic profiles of thyroidectomized (Tx) and normal rats. We found that many bile acid (BA) levels were significantly changed in serum of Tx rats. Simultaneous measurement of 12 different BAs in serum revealed that cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels significantly increased in Tx rats by approximately 25-fold, 11-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared with those of control rats. In Tx rats with active hormone T3 replacement, serum T3 levels were returned to physiological levels. However, these changes in BA levels were maintained at a high level. These results indicate that T3 replacement does not normalize the thyroid hormonal milieu. Thus, increased CA, CDCA, and TCDCA levels in serum after Tx may be a homeostatic response to not only T3 but also pro-thyroid hormone T4 deficiency. This study is the first to report that CA, CDCA, and TCDCA may be potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism and the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats
AU  - Hidenori Nagao
AU  - Masanori Suzuki
AU  - Hironori Aoki
AU  - Kouichi Minato
Y1  - 2015/07/08
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 295
EP  - 305
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
AB  - Hypothyroidism decreases energy metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, due to reduced serum levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although many endogenous serum metabolites are influenced by hypothyroidism, serum metabolomic profiling has rarely been applied to the study of hypothyroidism. In the present study, we investigated potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism using serum metabolomics, and then measured serum levels of these endogenous metabolites using an analytical method: ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the metabolic profiles of thyroidectomized (Tx) and normal rats. We found that many bile acid (BA) levels were significantly changed in serum of Tx rats. Simultaneous measurement of 12 different BAs in serum revealed that cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels significantly increased in Tx rats by approximately 25-fold, 11-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared with those of control rats. In Tx rats with active hormone T3 replacement, serum T3 levels were returned to physiological levels. However, these changes in BA levels were maintained at a high level. These results indicate that T3 replacement does not normalize the thyroid hormonal milieu. Thus, increased CA, CDCA, and TCDCA levels in serum after Tx may be a homeostatic response to not only T3 but also pro-thyroid hormone T4 deficiency. This study is the first to report that CA, CDCA, and TCDCA may be potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism and the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Hidenori Nagao

Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan
Masanori Suzuki

Department of Analytical Research, ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan
Hironori Aoki

Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan
Kouichi Minato

Pharmacokinetics Research Department of ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan

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Hidenori Nagao, Masanori Suzuki, Hironori Aoki, Kouichi Minato. (2015). Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(4), 295-305. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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Hidenori Nagao; Masanori Suzuki; Hironori Aoki; Kouichi Minato. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(4), 295-305. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

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AMA Style

Hidenori Nagao, Masanori Suzuki, Hironori Aoki, Kouichi Minato. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(4):295-305. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17,
  author = {Hidenori Nagao and Masanori Suzuki and Hironori Aoki and Kouichi Minato},
  title = {Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {295-305},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150304.17},
  abstract = {Hypothyroidism decreases energy metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, due to reduced serum levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although many endogenous serum metabolites are influenced by hypothyroidism, serum metabolomic profiling has rarely been applied to the study of hypothyroidism. In the present study, we investigated potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism using serum metabolomics, and then measured serum levels of these endogenous metabolites using an analytical method: ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the metabolic profiles of thyroidectomized (Tx) and normal rats. We found that many bile acid (BA) levels were significantly changed in serum of Tx rats. Simultaneous measurement of 12 different BAs in serum revealed that cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels significantly increased in Tx rats by approximately 25-fold, 11-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared with those of control rats. In Tx rats with active hormone T3 replacement, serum T3 levels were returned to physiological levels. However, these changes in BA levels were maintained at a high level. These results indicate that T3 replacement does not normalize the thyroid hormonal milieu. Thus, increased CA, CDCA, and TCDCA levels in serum after Tx may be a homeostatic response to not only T3 but also pro-thyroid hormone T4 deficiency. This study is the first to report that CA, CDCA, and TCDCA may be potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism and the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serum Metabolomics Reveals Cholic Acid, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, and Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid as Potential Biomarkers for Hypothyroid Rats
AU  - Hidenori Nagao
AU  - Masanori Suzuki
AU  - Hironori Aoki
AU  - Kouichi Minato
Y1  - 2015/07/08
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 295
EP  - 305
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150304.17
AB  - Hypothyroidism decreases energy metabolism including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and protein synthesis, due to reduced serum levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although many endogenous serum metabolites are influenced by hypothyroidism, serum metabolomic profiling has rarely been applied to the study of hypothyroidism. In the present study, we investigated potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism using serum metabolomics, and then measured serum levels of these endogenous metabolites using an analytical method: ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the metabolic profiles of thyroidectomized (Tx) and normal rats. We found that many bile acid (BA) levels were significantly changed in serum of Tx rats. Simultaneous measurement of 12 different BAs in serum revealed that cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels significantly increased in Tx rats by approximately 25-fold, 11-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared with those of control rats. In Tx rats with active hormone T3 replacement, serum T3 levels were returned to physiological levels. However, these changes in BA levels were maintained at a high level. These results indicate that T3 replacement does not normalize the thyroid hormonal milieu. Thus, increased CA, CDCA, and TCDCA levels in serum after Tx may be a homeostatic response to not only T3 but also pro-thyroid hormone T4 deficiency. This study is the first to report that CA, CDCA, and TCDCA may be potential biomarkers for hypothyroidism and the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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