Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension

G. B. S. Iyalomhe; E. K. I. Omogbai; A. O. Isah; S. I. Iyalomhe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension

G. B. S. Iyalomhe, E. K. I. Omogbai, A. O. Isah, S. I. Iyalomhe

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 30 November 2014 Accepted: 14 December 2014 Published: 19 December 2014

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Abstract

Background: Although, amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are recommended to initiate therapy in hypertensive patients, it has not been properly evaluated whether AML or HCZ would demonstrate a better adverse events profile. Objective: To determine whether AML or HCZ would be preferable to initiate antihypertensive treatment in type 2 diabetic Nigerians by comparing the adverse events profiles of the 2 drugs. Methods: Forty male (M) and female (F) newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects with controlled type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) aged 43-68 years were randomized to AML and HCZ treatment groups of 20 patients each (10 Ms, 10 Fs), and they were treated respectively, with AML 10mg and HCZ 25mg, both drugs being given once daily for 48 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), 24h urine volume were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Adverse events profiles were also recorded from week 1 through 48. Results: The drugs significantly reduced BP, though the effect of AML was significantly greater compared to that of HCZ (P<0.01). Diuresis was significant in HCZ group (P<0.01). There were 48 adverse events (48.5%) in the AML group including weight loss and mild tachycardia. No patient had peripheral pedal edema. Fifty one events (51.5%) occurred in HCZ group, weight loss, mild tachycardia, polyuria and myalgia/cramps being the commonest as well as impotence and visual disturbance. Conclusion: Though the two drugs appeared to be well tolerated, AML demonstrated a better BP-lowering effect and adverse events profile. Drugs that ensure adequate BP control and have the lowest possible risk for adverse events like AML, should be preferably used in diabetic Nigerian patients with essential hypertension.

Published in	American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16
Page(s)	131-137
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adverse Effects of Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide, Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians, Hypertension

References

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APA Style

G. B. S. Iyalomhe, E. K. I. Omogbai, A. O. Isah, S. I. Iyalomhe. (2014). Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 2(6), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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ACS Style

G. B. S. Iyalomhe; E. K. I. Omogbai; A. O. Isah; S. I. Iyalomhe. Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2014, 2(6), 131-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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AMA Style

G. B. S. Iyalomhe, E. K. I. Omogbai, A. O. Isah, S. I. Iyalomhe. Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. Am J Intern Med. 2014;2(6):131-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16,
  author = {G. B. S. Iyalomhe and E. K. I. Omogbai and A. O. Isah and S. I. Iyalomhe},
  title = {Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {131-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20140206.16},
  abstract = {Background: Although, amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are recommended to initiate therapy in hypertensive patients, it has not been properly evaluated whether AML or HCZ would demonstrate a better adverse events profile. Objective: To determine whether AML or HCZ would be preferable to initiate antihypertensive treatment in type 2 diabetic Nigerians by comparing the adverse events profiles of the 2 drugs. Methods: Forty male (M) and female (F) newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects with controlled type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) aged 43-68 years were randomized to AML and HCZ treatment groups of 20 patients each (10 Ms, 10 Fs), and they were treated respectively, with AML 10mg and HCZ 25mg, both drugs being given once daily for 48 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), 24h urine volume were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Adverse events profiles were also recorded from week 1 through 48. Results: The drugs significantly reduced BP, though the effect of AML was significantly greater compared to that of HCZ (P<0.01). Diuresis was significant in HCZ group (P<0.01). There were 48 adverse events (48.5%) in the AML group including weight loss and mild tachycardia. No patient had peripheral pedal edema. Fifty one events (51.5%) occurred in HCZ group, weight loss, mild tachycardia, polyuria and myalgia/cramps being the commonest as well as impotence and visual disturbance. Conclusion: Though the two drugs appeared to be well tolerated, AML demonstrated a better BP-lowering effect and adverse events profile. Drugs that ensure adequate BP control and have the lowest possible risk for adverse events like AML, should be preferably used in diabetic Nigerian patients with essential hypertension.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension
AU - G. B. S. Iyalomhe
AU - E. K. I. Omogbai
AU - A. O. Isah
AU - S. I. Iyalomhe
Y1 - 2014/12/19
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16
T2 - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP - 131
EP - 137
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-4324
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16
AB - Background: Although, amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are recommended to initiate therapy in hypertensive patients, it has not been properly evaluated whether AML or HCZ would demonstrate a better adverse events profile. Objective: To determine whether AML or HCZ would be preferable to initiate antihypertensive treatment in type 2 diabetic Nigerians by comparing the adverse events profiles of the 2 drugs. Methods: Forty male (M) and female (F) newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects with controlled type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) aged 43-68 years were randomized to AML and HCZ treatment groups of 20 patients each (10 Ms, 10 Fs), and they were treated respectively, with AML 10mg and HCZ 25mg, both drugs being given once daily for 48 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), 24h urine volume were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Adverse events profiles were also recorded from week 1 through 48. Results: The drugs significantly reduced BP, though the effect of AML was significantly greater compared to that of HCZ (P<0.01). Diuresis was significant in HCZ group (P<0.01). There were 48 adverse events (48.5%) in the AML group including weight loss and mild tachycardia. No patient had peripheral pedal edema. Fifty one events (51.5%) occurred in HCZ group, weight loss, mild tachycardia, polyuria and myalgia/cramps being the commonest as well as impotence and visual disturbance. Conclusion: Though the two drugs appeared to be well tolerated, AML demonstrated a better BP-lowering effect and adverse events profile. Drugs that ensure adequate BP control and have the lowest possible risk for adverse events like AML, should be preferably used in diabetic Nigerian patients with essential hypertension.
VL - 2
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

G. B. S. Iyalomhe

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
E. K. I. Omogbai

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
A. O. Isah

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
S. I. Iyalomhe

Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Central Hospital, Auchi, Nigeria

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G. B. S. Iyalomhe, E. K. I. Omogbai, A. O. Isah, S. I. Iyalomhe. (2014). Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 2(6), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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G. B. S. Iyalomhe; E. K. I. Omogbai; A. O. Isah; S. I. Iyalomhe. Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2014, 2(6), 131-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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G. B. S. Iyalomhe, E. K. I. Omogbai, A. O. Isah, S. I. Iyalomhe. Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension. Am J Intern Med. 2014;2(6):131-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16,
  author = {G. B. S. Iyalomhe and E. K. I. Omogbai and A. O. Isah and S. I. Iyalomhe},
  title = {Adverse Events Profiles during Initiation of Treatment with Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians with Essential Hypertension},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {131-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20140206.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20140206.16},
  abstract = {Background: Although, amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are recommended to initiate therapy in hypertensive patients, it has not been properly evaluated whether AML or HCZ would demonstrate a better adverse events profile. Objective: To determine whether AML or HCZ would be preferable to initiate antihypertensive treatment in type 2 diabetic Nigerians by comparing the adverse events profiles of the 2 drugs. Methods: Forty male (M) and female (F) newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects with controlled type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) aged 43-68 years were randomized to AML and HCZ treatment groups of 20 patients each (10 Ms, 10 Fs), and they were treated respectively, with AML 10mg and HCZ 25mg, both drugs being given once daily for 48 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), 24h urine volume were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Adverse events profiles were also recorded from week 1 through 48. Results: The drugs significantly reduced BP, though the effect of AML was significantly greater compared to that of HCZ (P<0.01). Diuresis was significant in HCZ group (P<0.01). There were 48 adverse events (48.5%) in the AML group including weight loss and mild tachycardia. No patient had peripheral pedal edema. Fifty one events (51.5%) occurred in HCZ group, weight loss, mild tachycardia, polyuria and myalgia/cramps being the commonest as well as impotence and visual disturbance. Conclusion: Though the two drugs appeared to be well tolerated, AML demonstrated a better BP-lowering effect and adverse events profile. Drugs that ensure adequate BP control and have the lowest possible risk for adverse events like AML, should be preferably used in diabetic Nigerian patients with essential hypertension.},
 year = {2014}
}

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