Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Akah Roland Tiagha; Charles Fokunang Ntungwen; Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo; Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Akah Roland Tiagha, Charles Fokunang Ntungwen, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 9 June 2015 Accepted: 25 June 2015 Published: 1 July 2015

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disorders on anaemic patients and to assess their effects and measures of managing it. A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon). Normal serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chlorine were considered as 136 – 145 mEq/l, 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l and 96 – 106 mEq/l respectively. The variables were considered significant when P < 0.005. Out of the total number of people recorded, there were 81 females (73.64 %) and 29 males (26.36 %). The prevalence of sodium imbalance hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are 20 (18.18 %) and 0 (0 %) respectively. The prevalence of potassium imbalance hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were 12 (10.91 %) and 14 (12.73 %) respectively. The prevalence of chloride disturbance, hypochloremia and hyperchloremia were 2 (1.82 %) and 21 (19.09 %) respectively. Amongst the variables chosen, only three variables had p-values that were significant that is sodium and level of education, potassium and occupation, and potassium and diarrhoea, but some were not significant for the study. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were highly prevalent in anemic patients. The severity of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disturbances on anemic patients remains a significant predictor of mortality. Thus, correcting electrolyte disturbances in these anemic patients is important. Serum chloride levels showed no particular pattern or significant difference on the various variables.

Published in	Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11
Page(s)	42-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaemia, Serum Electrolyte Disturbance, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine

References

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[5]	J. Coso, E. Estevez, E. Baquero and R. Mora-Rodriguez, "Anaerobic performance when rehydrating with water or commercially available sports drinks during prolonged exercise in the heat". Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism2008 chap 33pp290-298.
[6]	L.A. Kaplan and J. P. Amadeo, ‘Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis and Correlation’, 2ndEdition1989. The C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis.
[7]	J. Kee, B. PaulankaandL. Purnell, ’Fluids and electrolytes with clinical applications: A programmed approach (7th edition.) 2004. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning.
[8]	Tietz., ‘Fundamentals of Clinical Biochemistry’1999.
[9]	S. C. Smeltzer and B. G. Bare, ‘Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (10th edition.), 2004Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
[10]	Kumar Parveen and Micheal Clark., ‘clinical medicine’, sixthedition. 2005chp 8pg424.
[11]	Kumar Parveen and Micheal Clark., ‘clinical medicine’, sixth edition. 2005chp 12 pg 701-709.
[12]	Hawkins Rex. Eat Right - Electrolyte: ‘A Nutritional Guide to Minerals in Our Daily Diet. Amherst, 2006 NY: Prometheus Books, chap 6 pp120.
[13]	A. E. Luckey and C. J. Parsa, ’Fluid and electrolytes in the aged. ArchSurg, 2003chap10 pp138 and 1055.
[14]	K. Ashish. Duggal, Pushpa Yadav., A. K. Agarwa and B. B. Rewari., ‘Clinical Approach to Altered Serum Sodium levels’,2006.
[15]	I. Douglas, ’Hyponatraemia: why it matters, how it presents, how we can manage it. Cleve ClinJMed.2006; pp 73.
[16]	J.N. Cohn, P.R. Kowey, P. K. Whelton and L. M. Prisant, ‘New guidelines for potassium replacement in clinical practice: A contemporary review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice. 2000 Arch Intern Med;160:pp2429–2436.
[17]	F.J. Genanri, ’Hypo-hypernatraemia: disorders of water 102 Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine _ Vol. 7, 2006.
[18]	E. Cotlove, ‘Determination of chloride in biological materials. In: D. Glick, Ed. Methods of Biochemichemical Analysis. Vol 12, New Interscience publishers, 1964.
[19]	N. M. Metheny, ’Fluid and electrolyte balance nursing considerations (4th edition.) Philadelphia: Lippincott,2000.
[20]	O. Schalesand S. S. Schales, ’A simple and accurate method for the determination of chloride in biological fluids. J biolChem, 1941 140: pp 879-884.
[21]	J.I. Shapiro and W.D. Kaehny, ‘Pathogenesis and management of metabolicacidosis and alkalosis. In: Schrier RW, ed. Renal and Electrolyte Disorders. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2003:pp115-153.
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Akah Roland Tiagha, Charles Fokunang Ntungwen, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. (2015). Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 1(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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ACS Style

Akah Roland Tiagha; Charles Fokunang Ntungwen; Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo; Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). J. Dis. Med. Plants 2015, 1(3), 42-47. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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AMA Style

Akah Roland Tiagha, Charles Fokunang Ntungwen, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). J Dis Med Plants. 2015;1(3):42-47. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11,
  author = {Akah Roland Tiagha and Charles Fokunang Ntungwen and Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo and Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje},
  title = {Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon)},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {42-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disorders on anaemic patients and to assess their effects and measures of managing it. A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon). Normal serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chlorine were considered as 136 – 145 mEq/l, 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l and 96 – 106 mEq/l respectively. The variables were considered significant when P < 0.005. Out of the total number of people recorded, there were 81 females (73.64 %) and 29 males (26.36 %). The prevalence of sodium imbalance hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are 20 (18.18 %) and 0 (0 %) respectively. The prevalence of potassium imbalance hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were 12 (10.91 %) and 14 (12.73 %) respectively. The prevalence of chloride disturbance, hypochloremia and hyperchloremia were 2 (1.82 %) and 21 (19.09 %) respectively. Amongst the variables chosen, only three variables had p-values that were significant that is sodium and level of education, potassium and occupation, and potassium and diarrhoea, but some were not significant for the study. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were highly prevalent in anemic patients. The severity of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disturbances on anemic patients remains a significant predictor of mortality. Thus, correcting electrolyte disturbances in these anemic patients is important. Serum chloride levels showed no particular pattern or significant difference on the various variables.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon)
AU - Akah Roland Tiagha
AU - Charles Fokunang Ntungwen
AU - Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo
AU - Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje
Y1 - 2015/07/01
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11
DO - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11
T2 - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP - 42
EP - 47
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-8210
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11
AB - This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disorders on anaemic patients and to assess their effects and measures of managing it. A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon). Normal serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chlorine were considered as 136 – 145 mEq/l, 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l and 96 – 106 mEq/l respectively. The variables were considered significant when P < 0.005. Out of the total number of people recorded, there were 81 females (73.64 %) and 29 males (26.36 %). The prevalence of sodium imbalance hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are 20 (18.18 %) and 0 (0 %) respectively. The prevalence of potassium imbalance hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were 12 (10.91 %) and 14 (12.73 %) respectively. The prevalence of chloride disturbance, hypochloremia and hyperchloremia were 2 (1.82 %) and 21 (19.09 %) respectively. Amongst the variables chosen, only three variables had p-values that were significant that is sodium and level of education, potassium and occupation, and potassium and diarrhoea, but some were not significant for the study. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were highly prevalent in anemic patients. The severity of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disturbances on anemic patients remains a significant predictor of mortality. Thus, correcting electrolyte disturbances in these anemic patients is important. Serum chloride levels showed no particular pattern or significant difference on the various variables.
VL - 1
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Akah Roland Tiagha

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Charles Fokunang Ntungwen

Department of Pharmacotoxicology and pharmacokinetics, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

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Akah Roland Tiagha, Charles Fokunang Ntungwen, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. (2015). Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 1(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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ACS Style

Akah Roland Tiagha; Charles Fokunang Ntungwen; Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo; Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). J. Dis. Med. Plants 2015, 1(3), 42-47. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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AMA Style

Akah Roland Tiagha, Charles Fokunang Ntungwen, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo, Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje. Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). J Dis Med Plants. 2015;1(3):42-47. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11,
  author = {Akah Roland Tiagha and Charles Fokunang Ntungwen and Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo and Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje},
  title = {Three Serum Electrolytes Profile (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of Anaemic Patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon)},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {42-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20150103.11},
  abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disorders on anaemic patients and to assess their effects and measures of managing it. A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients at the Biyem-Assi District Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon). Normal serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chlorine were considered as 136 – 145 mEq/l, 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l and 96 – 106 mEq/l respectively. The variables were considered significant when P < 0.005. Out of the total number of people recorded, there were 81 females (73.64 %) and 29 males (26.36 %). The prevalence of sodium imbalance hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are 20 (18.18 %) and 0 (0 %) respectively. The prevalence of potassium imbalance hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were 12 (10.91 %) and 14 (12.73 %) respectively. The prevalence of chloride disturbance, hypochloremia and hyperchloremia were 2 (1.82 %) and 21 (19.09 %) respectively. Amongst the variables chosen, only three variables had p-values that were significant that is sodium and level of education, potassium and occupation, and potassium and diarrhoea, but some were not significant for the study. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were highly prevalent in anemic patients. The severity of serum sodium, potassium and chlorine disturbances on anemic patients remains a significant predictor of mortality. Thus, correcting electrolyte disturbances in these anemic patients is important. Serum chloride levels showed no particular pattern or significant difference on the various variables.},
 year = {2015}
}

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