In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation, genetic analysis of six populations of P. Africana sampled from six different geographical regions of Ethiopia was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy six percent of the loci studied revealed polymorphisim for the whole data set. Within population diversity estimated by using Nei’s gene diversity estimates ranged from 0.307 (Chilimo) to 0.150 (Bulki), with a mean of 0.234. Genetic differentiation between populations was estimated with Nei’s GST (0.264) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based FST (0.257), which appears to be slightly higher than the average values obtained from various RAPD based studies on outcrossing and long-lived species. Genetic relationships among the populations were examined. The resulting tree separated the six populations into two primary clusters which somewhat reflects their geographical locations. Data suggested that conservation approach of P. africana should consider each population separately.
| Published in | American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13 |
| Page(s) | 31-39 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Conservation, Ethiopia, Polymorphisim, Population, Prunus africana, RAPD
| [1] | Cunningham, A. B. and Mbenkum, F. T. (1993). Sustainability of Harvesting Prunusafricana Bark in Cameroon. A Medicinal Plant in International Trade. People and Plants working paper 2. UNESCO, Paris. |
| [2] | Hedberg, O. (1989). Rosacea. In: Flora of Ethiopia, Pittosporaceae to Araleaceae. Vol. 3.Addiss Ababa/Uppsala, Ethiopia/Sweden. Pp.31-44. (Hedberg, I. and Edwards, S. eds). |
| [3] | Schippmann, U. (2001). Medicinal plants significant trade. CITES Projekt S - 109, Plants Committee Document PC9 9.1.3 (rev.). p. 51-58. BFN Scripten – 39, BFN- German FederalAgency for Nature conservation. |
| [4] | FAO. (1997). FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources Report. Tenth Session, 9-11.9.97. Rome, Italy1. |
| [5] | Abdela, G., Slippers, B. and Stenlid, J. (2005). Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees in Ethiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodiarosulata sp. nov. Mycol. Res. 109 (9): 1005–1014. |
| [6] | Legesse, N. (2002). Review of research advances in some selected African trees with special reference to Ethiopia. Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci. 1:81-126. |
| [7] | Ellstrand, N. C. and Elam, D. R. (1993). Population genetics consequences of small population size. Implication for plant conservation. Ann. Rev. of Eco. and Syst. 24: 217-242. |
| [8] | Avise, J. C. and Hamrick, J. L. (1996). Conservation Genetics: Case history from nature. Chapman and Hall, Inc., NY. |
| [9] | Williams, J. G., Hanafey, M. K., Rafalski, J. A. and Tingey, S. V. (1993). Genetic analysis using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Methods in Enzy. 218: 704-740. |
| [10] | Maguire, TL. and Sedgler, M. (1997). Genetic diversity in Banksia and Dryandra (Protaceae) with emphasis on Bankisiacuneata, a rare and endangered species. Heredity 79: 394-401. |
| [11] | Dawson, I., and Powell, W. (1999). Genetic variation in the Afromontane tree Prunusafricana, an endangered medicinal species. Molecular ecology 8: 151-156. |
| [12] | Jamnadass, R., Hanson, J., Poole, J., Hanotte, O., Simons, A. J. and Dawson, I. K. (2005). High differentiation among populations of the woody legume Sesbaniasesban in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for conservation and cultivation during germplasm introduction into agroforestry systems: Forest Ecology and Management. 210: 225-238. |
| [13] | Borsch, T., Hilu, K. W., Quandt, D., Wilde, V., Neinhuis, C., and Barthlott, W. (2003). Noncoding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a well-resolved phylogeny of basal angiosperms. J. evol. biol. 16: 558–576. |
| [14] | Nei, M. (1978). Estimation of average hetrozygosity and genetic distances from a small number of indivisuals. Genetics. 89: 583-590. |
| [15] | Lynch, M. and Milligan, B. (1994). Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Molecular ecology 3: 91-99. |
| [16] | Excoffier, L., Smouse, P. and Quattro, J. (1992). Analysis of Molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479-491. |
| [17] | Yeh, F. C. and Boyle, T. J. B. (1997). Population genetics analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Belg. J. Bot. B. 129: 157. |
| [18] | Schneider, S., Roessli, D. and Excoffier, L. (2000). ARLEQUIN, version 2.000. A Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. |
| [19] | Rohlf, K. W. (2000). NTSYSpc, Numerical taxonomy and multivariant analysis system. Version 2.1. Exter software, Setauket, New York, USA. |
| [20] | Nybom, H. (2004). Comarison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific diversity in plants Mol. Ecol. 13:1143-1155. |
| [21] | Frankham, R. (1996). Relationship of genetic variation to population size in wildlife. Conser. Bio. 10: 1500–1508. |
| [22] | Hurni, H. (1988) Degradation and conservation of the resources in the Ethiopian highlands. Mt Res Dev. 8: 123–130 |
| [23] | Baired, W. V., Ballard, R. E., Rajkse, S. and Abbott, A. G. (1996). Progress in Prunus mapping and application of molecular markers to germplasm improvement. HortSci. 31: 1099-1106. |
| [24] | Muchugi, A., Lengkeek, G., Agufa, C., Muluvi, G., Njagi, E. and Dawson, I. (2006) Genetic variation in the threatened medicinal tree Prunus Africana in Cameroon and Kenya: implications for current management and evolutionary history. S Afr J Bot 72: 498–50. |
| [25] | Jordano, P. and Godoy, J. A. (2000). RAPD variation and population genetic structure in Prunusmahaleb (Rosaceae), an animal dispersed tree. Mol. Ecol. 9: 1293-1305. |
| [26] | Yeh, F. C, Chong, D. and Yang, R. (1995). RAPD variation within and among natural populations of trempling aspen (Populustremuloides) from Alberta. Hered. 86: 454-460. |
| [27] | Kumilign, A. (2005). Estimation of sex-related genetic diversity of Hageniaabbyssinica. MSc Thesis. Adiss Ababa University, Ethiopia. |
| [28] | Kadu, C. A., C., Konrad, H., Schueler, S., Muluvi, G. M., Eyog-Matig, O., Muchugi, A., Williams, V. L., Ramamonjisoa, L., Kapinga, C., Foahom, B., Katsvanga, C., Hafashimana, D., Obama, C. and Geburek, T. (2013) Divergent pattern of nuclear genetic diversity across the range of the Afromontane Prunusafricana mirrors variable Pleistocene climate of African highlands. Ann Bot 111: 47–60. |
| [29] | White, F. (1993). Refuge theory, ice-age aridity and the history of tropical biotas: an essay in plant geography. Fragm Florist Geo bot Suppl 2: 385–409. |
| [30] | Dupont, L., Jahns, S., Marret, F. and Ning, S. (2000). Vegtation changes in west Africa: Time-slices for the last 150ka. Palacogeography. Palacoclimatology. Palacoecology. 155: 95-122. |
| [31] | Mihretie, Z., Schueler, S., Konrad, H., Bekele, E. and Geburek, T. (2015) Patterns of genetic diversity of Prunusafricana in Ethiopia: hot spot but not point of origin for range-wide diversity. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11: 118. |
| [32] | Hall J. B., O’Brein, E. M., and Munjuga, M. (2000). Ecology and Biology. In: Prunusafricana: a monogragh. Pp 3-25 (O’Brein, E. M. and Scinclair, F. L. (eds)). University of Wales. Bangor. UK. |
| [33] | Hamrick, J. L. and Godt, M. J. (1997) Effects of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species. Phil. Trans. R.Soc.Land.B.196: 1291-1298. |
| [34] | Loveless, M. D. (1992). Isozyme variation in tropical trees: patterns and genetic organization. New Forests. 6: 67-94. |
| [35] | Munjuga M, Were J, Dawson I, Ruigu S, Simons A (2000) Reproductive biology of the over-exploited, medicinal tree Prunusafricana: Studies in Central Kenya. East African Journal of Forestry and Agriculture 28: 31. |
| [36] | Nason, J. D., Herre, E. A. and Hamrick, J. L. (1998). The breeding structure of a tropical keystone plant resource. Nature.391: 685–687. |
| [37] | Bossart, J. L. and Prowell, D. P. (1998) Genetic estimates of population structure and gene flow: limitations, lessons and new directions. Tren. in Ecol. and Evol. 13: 202–206. |
| [38] | Schupp, E. W. and Fuentes, M. (1995). Spatial patterns of seed dispersal and the unification of plant population ecology. Écoscience, 2: 267–275. |
| [39] | Schupp, E. W. (1995). Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. Amer. J. of Bot., 82: 399–409. |
| [40] | Clark, J. S, Beckage, B., Camill, P. J., Cleveland, B., Hilleris, J., Lichter, J., McLachlan, J. Mohan, J. and Wyckoff, P.(1999) Interpreting recruitment limitation in forests. Am. J. of Bot, 86: 1–16. |
| [41] | Bartish, I. V., Jeppsson, N, and Nybom, H. (1999) Population genetic structure in the dioecious pioneer plant species Hippophaerhamnoides investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Mol. Ecol 8: 791–802. |
| [42] | Soule, M, E. (1973). The epistasis cycle: a theory of marginal populations. Annual Rev. Eco. Syst. 4: 165-175. |
| [43] | Lacy, R. C. 1992. The effects of inbreeding on isolated populations: Are minimum viable population sizes predictable? In: Conservation Biology: The Theory and Practice of Nature Conservation, Preservation and Management, pp 277-296 (Fiedler P.L. and Jain S. K. (eds.)) Chapman and Hall, New York. |
| [44] | Reed and Frankham, (1994). Corrolation between fitness and genetic diversity. Cons. Biol. 17: 230-237. |
| [45] | Altizer, S., Harvell, D. and Friedle, E. (2003). Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease treats to biodiversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18: 589-596. |
| [46] | FAO, FLD, IPGRI. (2004). Forest genetic resources conservation and management. In: plantations and genebanks (ex situ). Vol. 3. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. |
APA Style
Hailu Atnafu. (2016). RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia. American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(2), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13
ACS Style
Hailu Atnafu. RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia. Am. J. Life Sci. 2016, 4(2), 31-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13
AMA Style
Hailu Atnafu. RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia. Am J Life Sci. 2016;4(2):31-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13,
author = {Hailu Atnafu},
title = {RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia},
journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {31-39},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20160402.13},
abstract = {In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation, genetic analysis of six populations of P. Africana sampled from six different geographical regions of Ethiopia was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy six percent of the loci studied revealed polymorphisim for the whole data set. Within population diversity estimated by using Nei’s gene diversity estimates ranged from 0.307 (Chilimo) to 0.150 (Bulki), with a mean of 0.234. Genetic differentiation between populations was estimated with Nei’s GST (0.264) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based FST (0.257), which appears to be slightly higher than the average values obtained from various RAPD based studies on outcrossing and long-lived species. Genetic relationships among the populations were examined. The resulting tree separated the six populations into two primary clusters which somewhat reflects their geographical locations. Data suggested that conservation approach of P. africana should consider each population separately.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia AU - Hailu Atnafu Y1 - 2016/04/15 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13 T2 - American Journal of Life Sciences JF - American Journal of Life Sciences JO - American Journal of Life Sciences SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5737 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160402.13 AB - In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation, genetic analysis of six populations of P. Africana sampled from six different geographical regions of Ethiopia was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy six percent of the loci studied revealed polymorphisim for the whole data set. Within population diversity estimated by using Nei’s gene diversity estimates ranged from 0.307 (Chilimo) to 0.150 (Bulki), with a mean of 0.234. Genetic differentiation between populations was estimated with Nei’s GST (0.264) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based FST (0.257), which appears to be slightly higher than the average values obtained from various RAPD based studies on outcrossing and long-lived species. Genetic relationships among the populations were examined. The resulting tree separated the six populations into two primary clusters which somewhat reflects their geographical locations. Data suggested that conservation approach of P. africana should consider each population separately. VL - 4 IS - 2 ER -
Email: