Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi

Farkhunda Burke; Salma Hamza; Muhammad Miandad; Imran Khan; Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda; S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi

Farkhunda Burke, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Miandad, Imran Khan, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 13 March 2016 Accepted: 5 April 2016 Published: 4 May 2016

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
Page(s)	39-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Karachi, Medical Geography, Urban Ecology, Family History

References

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APA Style

Farkhunda Burke, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Miandad, Imran Khan, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. (2016). Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. American Journal of Health Research, 4(3), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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ACS Style

Farkhunda Burke; Salma Hamza; Muhammad Miandad; Imran Khan; Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(3), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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AMA Style

Farkhunda Burke, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Miandad, Imran Khan, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(3):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11,
  author = {Farkhunda Burke and Salma Hamza and Muhammad Miandad and Imran Khan and Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda and S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi},
  title = {Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi
AU  - Farkhunda Burke
AU  - Salma Hamza
AU  - Muhammad Miandad
AU  - Imran Khan
AU  - Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda
AU  - S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi
Y1  - 2016/05/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 39
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Farkhunda Burke

Department of Geography, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Salma Hamza

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
Muhammad Miandad

Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
Imran Khan

Department of Geography, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda

DAWNGIS-Geospatial, Statistical, Research & Analysis Division, Dawn Media Group, Pakistan
S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi

Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program, Sindh, Pakistan

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APA Style

Farkhunda Burke, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Miandad, Imran Khan, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. (2016). Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. American Journal of Health Research, 4(3), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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ACS Style

Farkhunda Burke; Salma Hamza; Muhammad Miandad; Imran Khan; Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(3), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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AMA Style

Farkhunda Burke, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Miandad, Imran Khan, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, et al. Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(3):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11,
  author = {Farkhunda Burke and Salma Hamza and Muhammad Miandad and Imran Khan and Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda and S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi},
  title = {Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160403.11},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi
AU  - Farkhunda Burke
AU  - Salma Hamza
AU  - Muhammad Miandad
AU  - Imran Khan
AU  - Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda
AU  - S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi
Y1  - 2016/05/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 39
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160403.11
AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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